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Reference

A reference, or a reference point, is the intensional use of one thing, a point of reference or reference state, to indicate something else. When reference is intended, what the reference points to is called the referent.

General Examples

Some general examples are:

  • the name Jane Doe used to identify a particular woman;
  • a traffic sign warning of an upcoming turn-off;
  • a wedding ring indicating a certain kind of relationship; and
  • samples of various musical works being incorporated into a new one.

References are indicated by sounds (like onomatopoeia), pictures (like roadsigns), text (like bibliographies), indexes (by number) and objects (a wedding ring); but endless concrete and abstract methods can be used intentionally. This includes methods that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects.

From Wikipedia under the GNU Free Documentation License
Sun Jan 22 16:15:11 2012

Noun

reference (plural references)

  1. A measurement one can compare to.
  2. Information about a person, provided by someone (a referee) with whom they are well acquainted
  3. A reference work.
  4. (semantics) A relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.
  5. (academic writing) A short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text.
  6. (academic writing) A previously published written work thus indicated; a source.
  7. (programming) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself.
Derived terms

From Wiktionary under the GNU Free Documentation License
Tue Dec 27 18:08:14 2011


Matching Results for Reference:

Benjamin Franklin
The page references given below are taken from J. A. Leo Lemay and P. ... remark of 1775, the earliest published reference to it appears to have occurred ...

Monkey Island
... a reference to an old joke about what you call someone with no arms and no legs ... Also a reference to The Secret Of Monkey Island, where a character from Loom ...

Adolf Hitler
To me all means will be right. My motto is not "Don't, whatever you ... Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) Austrian-born Nazi Party leader and ...

From Wikiquote under the GNU Free Documentation License
Tue Dec 27 18:08:16 2011

File:In-n-out-b ible- reference .jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org
File:In-n-out-b ible- reference .jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
341 x 531px

[source page]

File:In-n-out-b ible- reference .

Remote services from Morris County Library (
www.gti.net
Remote services from Morris County Library (
641 x 771px

[source page]

Literary Reference Center*

From Google Image Search: "reference"
Sat Feb 4 14:35:19 2012


25 sec.
www.youtube.com
Animation Reference - Female Standard Walk - Grid Overlay

Fri, 23 Apr 2010 05:26:28 PDT

Animation Reference - Female Standard Walk - Grid Overlay Video From Endless Reference www.endlessreference.com


8 min., 57 sec.
www.youtube.com
Jesus ma reference

Sun, 14 Oct 2007 19:25:24 PDT

Alain Moloto

From Google Video Search: "reference"
Sun Jan 22 16:16:23 2012

What does this reference number mean on ferderal taxes?
Q. I went online to check the status of my federal income tax return. When I entered in all the information a page came up saying that they can not provide any information on my return (it has already been accepted) and that I need to call the IRS and tell them reference number 9001. Does anyone know what that reference number means?
Asked by Angela F - Wed Jan 16 07:18:07 2008 - United States - 2 Answers - 1 Comments

A. I'd recommend calling them and telling them what you experienced - it sounds like an internal number they use to identify the problem with your query.
Answered by Jeff - Wed Jan 16 07:21:01 2008

What is the reference pressure for a decibil for music programs like garageband?
Q. Given that a decibil is a logarithmic unit, if the reference pressure were the smallest that a human ear could hear, I believe (unless I'm mistaken) that that would mean if the pressure equaled the reference pressure, 0 decibils would be virtually inaudible. However, in garageband, 0 decibils is clearly very clearly audible. If that is the case, what is the reference pressure used in such programs?
Asked by Mr. Politics - Fri Aug 25 21:46:15 2006 - Physics - 1 Answers - Comments

A. You are entirely correct, except for the part about "garageband." The problem here is that there are two ways to use decibels. One way is as a purely relative measure. The ratio of two different signal or sound amplitudes can be expressed in decibels. This requires no absolute calibrations. This is the only thing that "Garageband" can do, because there is no calibration. However, if you have an expensive calibrated microphone you can measure absolute sound pressures that we call "decibels Sound Pressure Level" or d B SPL. In this case, 0 d B SPL is barely audible. The reference pressure is 2e-10 bar rms (1 bar is about 1 atmosphere) or 2e-05 Pascal rms. If I remember correctly, this is the same as an acoustic… [cont.]
Answered by Tom H - Fri Aug 25 23:41:28 2006

From Yahoo Answer Search: "reference"
Tue Jan 24 13:35:21 2012


Still Documenting the 1915 Genocide: Politics, Prose and Poetry
The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
Still Documenting the 1915 Genocide: Politics, Prose and Poetry
Fri, 27 Jan 2012 00:08:01 -0800

At least four important new reference volumes on the Armenian Genocide have appeared in English within the past year: Verjine Svazlian, The Armenian Genocide: Testimonies of the Eyewitness Survivors, Vahakn Dadrian & Taner Akcam, Judgment at Istanbul: ...
Braun makes passing reference to drug test
Fox News
Braun makes passing reference to drug test
Sat, 21 Jan 2012 23:09:55 -0800

New york ryan Braun referred only in passing to his positive drug test and possible 50-game suspension as he accepted the National League MVP award at a black-tie dinner Saturday night. After congratulating other award winners and thanking teammates, ...

From Google News Search: "reference"
Sat Feb 4 14:35:21 2012

SDLC Reference Architecture documents published
blogs.gartner.com
SDLC Reference Architecture documents published

Sean Kenefick, blogs.gartner.com
2011-12-22 17:50:48

My update to the SDLC Reference Architecture documents were published a couple of days ago on Gartner.com. Additionally, stay tuned for details concerning the release of my SDLC guidance document entitled Increasing ...

Does reference work???
emigratenz.org
Does reference work???

Ace Khalid, emigratenz.org
2011-12-23 09:03:38

Hi all I was wondering if reference system works in NZ like middle-east i.e., a colleague already working in NZ forwards your resume to his employer or past employer? Thanks.

From Google Blog Search: "reference"
Tue Dec 27 18:08:16 2011


Fbg, TX and Fredericksburg, Texas @ Fbg-TX.com
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Advent Images (Sunday of Advent, Advent Wreath, Advent Calendar ...
Reference: Encyclopedia: Dictionary: eTexts: Quotes : Answers : Multimedia: Images: Videos: Audio : People: Discussion Groups: Social Networking : Shopping:
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B-25 Mitchell Products (Mitchell As Flown By Jimmy, Aircraft ...
Reference: Encyclopedia: Dictionary: eTexts: Quotes : Answers : Multimedia: Images: Videos: Audio : People: Discussion Groups: Social Networking : Shopping:
www.fbg-tx.com/b-25_mitchell/products.htm
List of Texas Symbols (Symbols List Texas, Symbols Texas List ...
Reference: Encyclopedia: Dictionary: eTexts: Quotes : Answers : Multimedia: Images: Videos: Audio : People: Discussion Groups: Social Networking : Shopping:
www.fbg-tx.com/list_of_texas_symbols

From Bing Site Search: "reference"
Tue Feb 7 05:38:59 2012


Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary ...
infoplease.com
Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary ...
Infoplease.com, a free, authoritative, and respected reference for Internet users, provides a comprehensive encyclopedia, almanac, atlas, dictionary, and thesaurus.
www.infoplease.com

Web Development and Design Tutorials, Tips and Reviews
webreference.com
Web Development and Design Tutorials, Tips and Reviews
The definitive reference for Web developers with tutorials on all aspects of Web design and authoring, including JavaScript, DHTML, 3D animation, CSS, RSS, XML ...
www.webreference.com

From Bing Web Search: "reference"
Mon Jan 23 09:36:29 2012


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Fri Dec 23 02:34:36 2011
Klipsch - Reference ONE On-Ear Stereo Headphones @ Klipsch
@ Klipsch
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Digital Reference Drdk4 4-Piece Drum Mic Kit @ Guitar Center
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Digital Reference DRDK4 4-Piece Drum Mic Kit

From Google Product Search: "reference"
Tue Feb 7 03:58:12 2012